Define Terms Relating to U.S. History After the Civil War Best answer on the web
Freedmen?s Bureau
Committee of Fifteen
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Acquitted
Carpetbagger
?Black Reconstruction?
?Mississippi Plan?
Sharecropping
Black Codes
Military reconstruction
Impeachment
Poll taxes
Scalawag
Redeemer
KKK
Crop lien
?Yellow dog? contract
?Pullman strike
Lockout
Boycott
?Walking cities?
Pool
Holding company
Corporation
Blacklists
Injunction
Strike
?Time and motion? study
Watered stock
Trust
Vertical integration
Bessemer Process
Homestead Act of 1862
Sharecroppers
Populists
Land grants
Sand Creek
?Social Darwinists?
Granger movement
Crop lien system
Free silver
Inflation
Wounded Knee
Assimilation
?Great American Desert?
Greenback Party
Anti-imperialism
Plessy vs. Ferguson
McKinley Tariff
Sherman Antitrust Act
Morrill Act
Imperialism
Treaty of Paris 1898
?Jim Crow? legislation
Interstate Commerce Act
Protective tariff
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Treaty of Wanghia
Pan-American Conference
?Yellow press?
?Spoils system?
Referendum
Initiative
Poll taxes
Coaling stations
Manifest destiny
Federal Reserve System
?Open door? notes
Platt Amendment
Panama Canal
Trustbusting
Machine politics
?Scientific method?
?Gentlemen?s Agreement?
?Missionary diplomacy?
Settlements
Boxer Rebellion
?Dollar diplomacy?
?Social gospel?
?Gilded Age?
?Spheres of influence?
Maine
General Weyler
Mugwumps
Recall
?Free silver?
Literacy tests
Ostend Manifesto
Teller Amendment
Kickback
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Great White Fleet
?New Freedom?
?Roosevelt Corollary?
Bull Moose Party
Conservation
Anthracite coal strike
Direct democracy
Elkins Act
Sierra Club
?New Nationalism?
Pacifist
Contraband
Luisitania
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The New Freedom (1913)
War Industries Board
Fuel Administration
?War socialism?
Cost-plus
Committee on Public Information
?100 Percent Americans?
Bolshevik Revolution
Prohibition
Food Administration
Espionage Acts
?Irreconcilables?
Article X
Sacco and Vanzetti
Boston Police Strike
Nativist
Hyphenates
19th Amendment
Trench warfare
U-boat
Kaiser
League of Nation
?Strong reservationists?
Red Scare
War Labor Board
?Dollar-a-year man?
Deficit spending
Industrial Workers of the World
American Socialist Party
Seattle General Strike
?Open shops?
Xenophobic
Boston Brahmins
18th Amendment
Federal Air to Roads Act
?Tin Lizzie?
?Consumer durables?
Sears catalogue
?Motor city?
?Electric-oil-auto complex?
Elk Hills
Prohibition
?Al Smith Revolution?
?Booboisie?
?Accommodationist
?Color tax?
?Back to Africa?
Quota Acts
Comstock Law
National Woman Suffrage
?Anthony? amendment
Assembly line system
Amalgam
McNary-Haugen Bill
?Urban?
Hollywood
Teapot Dome
Ku Klux Klan
White Supremacy
George F. Babbit
?Atlanta Compromise?
Great Migration
NAACP
?Harlem Renaissance?
Women?s Trade Union League
Seneca Falls Convention
Equal Rights Party
NAWSA
?Black Thursday?
?Hoovervilles?
?Runs?
?Called?
?Consumer durables?
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
?Brain trust?
Federal Emergency Relief
Farm Credit Admin.
TVA
NIRA
Townsend Clubs
WPA
?Black Tuesday?
?Bonus Marchers?
Sitdown strike
Deficit spending
?Margin?
Bull market
Federal Farm Board
Reconstruction Finance Corp.
Fireside chats
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Rural Electrification Administration
AAA
Section 7A
?Second? New Deal
Social Security Act
CIO
Keynesian economists
Appeasements
Ludlow Amendment
Quarantine speech
?Co-prosperity sphere?
?Phony war?
Blitzkrieg
Convoy
Executive order
Lend-lease program
Reuben James
Zero fighter
Non-Aggression Pact
Eastern Front
Cross-channel invasion
?Island hopping?
Manhattan Project
OPA
CORE
Maginot Line
Wolfpacks
Conscription
America First Committee
Greer
Tri-partite Pact
Axis Powers
?Relocation centers?
?Europe First? policy
Battle at Stalingrad
Battle of the Bulge
Kamikaze
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
?Rosie the Riveter?
?New Hoovervilles?
?Iron Curtain?
Containment
Marshall Plan
V-J Day
?White flight?
?The happy housewife?
Taft-Hartley Act
?Police action?
McCarthyism
Ike
Radio Free Europe
SEATO
CIA
1954 Geneva Conference
U-2 incident
NAACP Legal Defense Fund
MIA
Berlin Airlift
Baruch Plan
Truman Doctrine
Baby boom
Federal Housing Authority
?Fair Deal?
Civil Rights Commission
Internal Security Act
?Limited war?
?Peaceful coexistence?
?Freedom fighters?
NATO
Vietminh
?Open skies?
Brown v. Board of Education
Sit-ins
Boycott
?New Frontier?
Peace Corps
Cuban Missile Crisis
Limited nuclear test ban treaty
?Domino Theory?
Green Berets
?Fine-tuning?
?Stagflation?
?Great Society?
?Counter culture?
?Missile gap?
Bay of Pigs
?Hot line?
National Liberation Front
?Counterinsurgency? wars
?Free fire zones?
Watts
Kent State
?Dètente?
Khmer Rouge
?Body count?
SNCC
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
Second Reconstruction
Gulf of Tonkin
Tet Offensive
?New Left?
?Black power?
Vietnamization?
?Plumbers?
?Christmas bombing?
SALT I
Vietcong
War on Poverty
?Teach-ins?
?White backlash?
Pentagon Papers
Watergate
?Shuttle diplomacy?
OPEC
?Liberal consensus?
?Reaganomics?
Equal Rights Amendment
Col. Qaddafi
Ayatollah Khomeini
Tower Commission
Contras
Leveraged buyouts
S & L?s
AIDS
Glasnost
Perestroika
Gulf War
?Smart bombs?
SCUDS
Christian Coalition
Sandinistas
Strategic Defense Initiative
Affirmative Action
?Sleaze factor?
PLO
Brady Bill
Murrah Federal Building
Bosnian Serbs
Contract with America
Branch Davidians
NAFTA
?Sunbelt? states
Million Man March
Iron-Contra Affair
Branch Davidians
Freemen, 1996
Kosovo
I have compiled "most" of the definitions for you. Some were left out since there were no definitive results. Others, which had numerous results that "might" be applicable to a historical search, have a URL beside them so you can investigate which term you are actually seeking.
You stated - "That definition took me less than 20 seconds to acquire. At this pace, it would take less than 2 hours to complete the whole list. I feel and hope I have priced this query reasonably..."
I must be honest and correct your hypothetical time frame for completing this research. I consider myself an fast searcher, and your one example of "20 seconds per definitIon" to search, scan, copy, paste, and then refer to the correct URL for proper credit for the source of the definition was most definitely not the "norm." Not to mention, your overall time frame for completion did not take into account the numerous terms that had no definitIon and required further searching, and finding and excerpting relevant text from a lengthy page of information. These searches, especially, involved much more than 20 seconds! And, there were quite a few that were spelled improperly, which then required more investigation.
Many of your terms required extra work because they were not the "exact" definition. For instance, for "Federal Emergency Relief" there is no easy definitIon, but there is for "Federal Emergency Relief Act." Or Wolfpacks, for example.
Other terms, like "margin" are more of a financial term than a historic term, leading to confusion and extra time.
And terms like "settlement" can include a host of definitions. Others, like "Section A" required a search, and then nothing applicable came up.
Some terms had several definitions that could be applicable to a general search for "history terms after the Civil War - like "TVA, or WPA, or CIO, or Greer." I had to scan and choose which definition was most applicable, and then make a note for you to see all the definitions on the search list. This was quite time-consuming as well.
I kept an accurate record of the time involved for this project. It took me 5.5 hours! Searching a lengthy list like this is not as simple as it might look when you pick one term and make a conclusive estimate! It is also important, for any future questions, to remember that researchers get only 75% of the posted question price. So, for a $100 question, a researcher receives $75.00
I hope these help!
Sincerely,
umiat
============
DEFINITIONS
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Freedmen's Bureau - "The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands was established in March 3, 1865 after two years of bitter debate. The Freedmen Bureau, as it was commonly called, was to address all matters concerning refugees and freedmen within the states that were under reconstruction." http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/freedmen/overview.html
Committee of Fifteen - "The Committee of Fifteen, a New York City citizen group established in November 1900, advocated for the elimination of prostitution and gambling. The Committee hired investigators who visited city locations such as bars, pool halls, dance halls, "disorderly houses", and tenements during 1901." http://www.library.utoronto.ca/robarts/microtext/collection/pages/comfifrc.html
Reconstruction Act of 1867 - "Following the Civil War, the United States Congress passed four pieces of legislation known as Reconstruction Acts. Divided the South into 5 parts, each controlled by a different Northern general.
Ordered southern states to elect new delegates and form new constitutions.
Required states to allow all males, African Americans included, to vote in
the elections.
Temporarily barred southerners who originally supported the Confederacy from voting. Required all southern states to guarantee equal rights to all citizens.
Required the states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_Act_of_1867
Carpetbaggers - "Carpetbaggers and Southern blacks were usually Republicans, and held considerable power in the Southern states in the Reconstruction era." www.fasttrackteaching.com/termscivil.html
Sharecropping - "the term for the system of farm labor that grew in the South after the Civil War. The sharecropper was a freed slave or poor white who owned no land after the war. He agreed to work a parcel of land owned by someone else, with the "rent" in the form of a share of the crop at harvest time. The owner provided the land, seed, and tools, and claimed perhaps half the crop. Often, the sharecropper ended up in constant debt, and in a situation not much better than slavery." www.fasttrackteaching.com/termscivil.html
Black Codes - laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War that restricted travel and other activities of freed slaves. The laws varied, and some provided for limited rights. But generally, they deprived blacks of key civil rights. Many barred blacks from juries and from testifying against white people. Some required that blacks have proof of employment. Whites claimed the laws were needed to deal with a population of freed slaves who had little knowledge of life outside slavery. ... www.fasttrackteaching.com/termscivil.html
Military reconstruction - "between March and July of 1867, Congress imposed Military Reconstruction on the South with a series of Reconstruction acts. During military reconstruction the South was divided into five military districts, each under a military commander whose powers were superior to those of the state government. The existing civil governments were placed on provisional status and demanded new state constitutional conventions, with all races eligible to vote for delegates. Voting rights for black males were included in the new constitutions http://www.bchm.org/wrr/recon/p9.html
Impeachment - An accusation made by a legislature, or part of legislature, against an executive or judicial officer. The Impeachment is only the accusation and does not indicate guilt, which is determined at a trial in the other part of the legislature. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Civics_Glossary
Poll taxes - "A poll tax, head tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income). Such taxes were important sources of revenue for many countries into the 19th century, but this is no longer the case." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes
Scalawag - "white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)" http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=scalawag
Redeemer - "The Redeemers, a loose political coalition in the post-Civil War U.S. South, consisted of prewar Democrats, Union Whigs, Confederate army veterans, and individuals interested in industrial development. They sought to "redeem" the South by undoing the changes brought about by the Civil War. Although the various groups had widely different visions of the South, they shared a commitment to reduce the scope of state government and institute stricter economic and political control of blacks. ..." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redeemer
KKK - "Ku Klux Klan: a secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves; used terrorist tactics to suppress Black people." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=kkk
Crop lien - "The crop lien system allowed farmers to receive commodities such as food, supplies, seeds, etc. on loan (or credit) and pay this debt back after their crop was harvested and sold. Therefore, there was a lien against the crop. The amount of credit that was received was based on the estimated value of the crop." http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia/GLOSSARY/croplien.htm
Yellow dog contract - "A Yellow Dog contract is legal contract or agreement made between and employer and an employee, wherein the employer agrees to employ the employee, and in exchange the employee agrees not to join or associate with a labor union. In the United States, Yellow Dog contracts are illegal due to the Norris-LaGuardia Act, though right-to-work laws in several US states effectively defeat union formation, but through a different mechanism." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Dog_contract
Pullman strike - "The Pullman Strike occurred when 3,000 Pullman Palace Car Company workers went on a wildcat strike in Illinois on May 11, 1894." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_Strike
Lockout - "A lockout is a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working. This is differentiated from a strike, in which employees refuse to work. Typically, a lockout happens when only part of a union, such as that representing one geographical region, votes to strike. The purpose of a lockout is to put pressure on a union by reducing the number of members who are able to work." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockout_(industry)
Boycott - "A boycott is a refusal to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business who is generally believed by the participants in the boycott to be doing something morally wrong. It may sometimes be labelled as an "embargo" by its proponents." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott
Walking cities -
Pool -
Holding company - "A holding company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company
Corporation - "A form of business organization where the firm has a legal existence separate from that of its owners. Corporations can be privately owned or publically traded." http://www.web.net/rain/glossary.htm
Blacklists - "a term describing efforts in the 1940s and 1950s to exclude from the entertainment industry writers, directors, and actors who had been members of the Communist party or organizations that the federal government labeled subversive." http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/gahff/html/ff_020800_blacklist.htm
Injunction - "(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunction were formerly obtained by writ but now by a judicial order." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=injunction
Strike - "Strike action (or simply strike) describes collective action undertaken by groups of workers in the form of a refusal to perform work. Strikes first became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. In most countries they were quickly made illegal as factory owners had far more political power than the workers. Most western countries legalized striking partially in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_(labor)
Time and motion' study - "Frank and Lillian Gilberth, in their time and motion study, developed what they called "therbligs" (Gilbreth spells backwards with the t and h transposed). The therbligs is a classification scheme from labelling 17 basic hand motions." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_motion_study
Watered stock - "stock representing ownership of overvalued assets; stock of a corporation whose total worth is less than its invested capital." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=watered%20stock
Trust - "In common law legal systems, a trust is a relationship in which a person or entity (the trustee) has legal control over certain property (the trust property or trust corpus), but is bound by fiduciary duty to exercise that legal control for the benefit of someone else (the beneficiary), according to the terms of the trust and the law. Thus, in a trust the legal ownership that the trustee has is split from the equitable or beneficial title that the beneficiary has. ..." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_(property)
Vertical integration - (You will need to choose the most appropriate definiton)://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+vertical+integration
Bessemer Process - "The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. The process is a development of a practice known in China as early as the 200s. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation through air being blown through the molten iron." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer_process
Homestead Act of 1862 - "Signed into law in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln after the secession of southern states, this Act turned over vast amounts of the public domain to private citizens. A homesteader had only to be the head of a household and at least 21 years of age to claim a 160 acre parcel of land. Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for 5 years before they were eligible to "prove up". A total filing fee of $18 was the only money required. http://www.nps.gov/home/homestead_act.html
Sharecroppers - "Sharecropping is a system of farming in which farmers work a parcel of land which they do not own, in return for a fraction of the parcel's crop production. The system occurred extensively in colonial Africa, came into use in the United States during the Reconstruction era (1865-1876), and is used in many rural poor areas today, notably in India." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharecroppers
Populists - "Populism is a political philosophy or rhetorical style that holds that the common person is oppressed by the "elite" in society, and that the instruments of the State need to be grasped from this self-serving elite and used for the benefit and advancement of the people as a whole. The ideal projected by populism is that of reaching out to ordinary people, talking about their economic and social concerns, and appealing to their common sense." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populists
Land grants - "A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. In the past (the 1700s), they were given for the purpose of establishing settlements, missions, and farms. During the 1800s, four out of five of the transcontinental railroads in the United States were built using land grants, as was the Canadian Pacific Railway." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_grants
Sand Creek - "The Sand Creek Massacre refers to an infamous incident in the Indian wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864 when Colorado Militia troops in the Colorado Territory massacred an undefended village of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped on the territory's eastern plains." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Creek_Massacre
Social Darwinists - "Social Darwinism is a social theory which holds that Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection affects not only the distribution of biological traits in a population, but that it affects human social institutions as well. Social Darwinisim was popular in the late nineteenth century to the end of World War II, although some have claimed that contemporary sociobiology could be classed as a form of social Darwinism. ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism
Granger movement - The Grange movement in the United States was a farmers' movement involving the affiliation of local farmers into area "granges" to work for their political and economic advantages. The official name of the National Grange is the Patrons of Husbandry. Today they might be considered a special interest group. Founded after the Civil War, it flourished toward to the end of the 19th century. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granger_movement
Free silver - "Free Silver was an important political issue in the late 19th century United States." Read more at website - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Silver
Inflation - "A rate of increase in the general price level of all goods and services. (This should not be confused with increases in the prices of specific goods relative to the prices of other goods.) http://countrystudies.us/united-states/economy-12.htm
Wounded Knee - "The Wounded Knee Massacre or the Battle of Wounded Knee was the last armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United States of America. It occurred at Wounded Knee, Dakota Territory on December 29, 1890. The United States Army used Hotchkiss guns which were capable of firing two pound explosive shells fifty times per minute, while Sioux warriors were generally poorly armed." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_at_Wounded_Knee
Assimilation - "In the social sciences, assimilation is the process of integration whereby immigrants, or other minority groups, are "absorbed" into a generally larger community. This presumes a loss of all characteristics which make the newcomers different. A region where assimilation is occurring is sometimes referred to as a "melting pot". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(sociology)
For more definitions - ://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+assimilation
Great American Desert - "The Great American Desert was an inaccurate term that described the area west of the Missouri River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the 19th century." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Desert
Greenback Party - "The Greenback Party was an American political party that was active between 1874 and 1884. Its name referred to paper money, or "greenbacks", that had been issued during the American Civil War and afterward. The party advocated issuing large amounts of money, believing this would help people, especially farmers, by raising prices and making debts easier to pay. It was established as a political party whose members were primarily farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback_Party
Anti-imperialism - "Anti-imperialism is a current within the political left advocating the collapse of imperialism. Although not all self-describing anti-imperialists understand the theoretical bases, such a tendency originates in Marxist theories of imperialism, in which imperialism is understood as the economic (rather than primarily military or political, though these are related) dominance of the First World (imperialist countries) over the Third World." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism
Plessy vs. Ferguson - "Plessy v. Ferguson, was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, approving de jure racial segregation in public facilities, and ruling that states could prohibit of the use of public facilities by African Americans." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_vs._Ferguson
McKinley Tariff - "The McKinley tariff of 1890 was what set the average ad valorem tariff rate for imports to the United States at 50%, and protected agriculture. Its chief proponent was Congressman and future President William McKinley. In return for its passage, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act was given Republican support. It raised the prices in the United States under Benjamin Harrison and hurt the common folk, which may have cost him his presidency in the next elections. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinley_Tariff
Sherman Antitrust Act - "passed by Congress in 1890, it was an early attempt to try to control abuses by large combinations of businesses called trusts. It generally outlawed combinations of companies that acted in restraint of free trade. But it was only rarely used against the industrial giants until later laws, like the Clayton Act (1914), made it easier to win cases against trusts." http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/termsgilded.html
Morrill Act - "The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are pieces of US legislation which allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, which would be funded by the grant of federally-controlled land to each of the states which had stayed with the United States during the American Civil War." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrill_Act
Imperialism - "The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country. Political opposition to this foreign domination is called "anti-imperialism." http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/resources/terms.html
Treaty of Paris 1898 - The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. The United States paid Spain US$20 million for possession of Guam, Puerto Rico and The Philippines who having thought themselves free of colonial rule fought the United States in the Philippine-American War. Puerto Rico and Guam were also placed under American control, and Spain relinquished its claim to Cuba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898_Treaty_of_Paris
Jim Crow legislation - "In the United States, the so-called Jim Crow laws were made to enforce racial segregation, and included laws that would prevent African Americans from doing things that a white person could do. For instance, Jim Crow laws regulated separate use of water fountains and separate seating sections on public transport. Jim Crow laws varied among communities and states." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow
Interstate Commerce Act - "The United States Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, signed into law by President Grover Cleveland, created the Interstate Commerce Commission. The members of the commission were appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. This was the first of the so-called Fourth Branch agencies. Its aim was to regulate surface transportation (initially railroads, later trucking), to ensure fair prices and regulate other aspects of the conduct of common carriers." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Act
Protective tariff - "A protective tariff is a tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_tariff
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty - "Signed in 1850 by the United States and the United Kingdom, the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was an agreement that both nations were not to colonize or control any Central American republic. The purpose was to prevent one country from building a canal across Central America that the other would not be able to use. If a canal were built, it would be protected by both nations for neutrality and security. Any canal built would be open to all nations on equal terms." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton-Bulwer_Treaty
Treaty of Whangia - the Treaty of Whangia opening Chinese ports to U.S. shipping." (could not find much for this term even with different spelling) http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_015900_usrccalebcus.htm
Pan-American Conference - "the first modern Pan-American Conference (1889), which was designed to expand American political and economic influence in Latin America at the expense of Great Britain." http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_040600_harrisonbenj.htm
Yellow press - "Yellow journalism is a term given to any widespread tendencies or practices within media organizations which are detrimental to, or substandard from the point of view of, journalistic integrity. "Yellow journalism" may for example refer to sensationalized news reporting that bears only a superficial resemblance to journalism. Journalistic professionalism, as now understood, is the supposed antidote. Instead of "yellow journalism," media bias is a commonly-used misnomer." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_press
Spoils system - "A spoils system describes the process in which the party in power, perhaps through winning an election, monopolizes perquisites and political appointments. Spoils systems are endemic in nations that are struggling to transcend systemic clientage based on tribal organization or other kinship groups and localism in general." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoils_system
Referendum - "A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may be the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. Certain kinds of referendums held in some states of the United States are referred to as ballot measures or propositions." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum
Initiative - "In political science, the initiative (also known as popular or citizen's initiative) provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a proposed statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance. It is a form of direct democracy." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative
Coaling stations -
Manifest destiny - "the belief common in America in the early 1800s that it was the destiny or fate of the US to expand west to the Pacific Ocean. For many Americans, the belief had an almost religious intensity, and was often considered an obvious part of God?s plan for America?s future. It was with this feeling that settlers pushed west into Indian and Mexican controlled lands, confident that they were justified in doing whatever was necessary to spread the American flag and system of government." http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/termsgrowing.html
Federal Reserve System - "Created in 1913, the Federal Reserve System is a monetary organization that regulates the creation of US currency." http://www.gold-investor.com/staticpages/index.php/2003081615332251
Open door notes - See http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:ucwiNaZZLnkJ:www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/gp/17457.htm++Open+door+notes&hl=en
Platt Amendment - "The Platt Amendment, a rider appended to the U.S. Army appropriations bill (March 1901), stipulated the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba since the Spanish-American War, and defined the terms of Cuban-U.S. relations until 1934. Formulated by the U.S. Secretary of War Elihu Root, the amendment was presented to the Senate by, and named for, Connecticut Republican Senator Orville Platt (1827-1905)." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platt_Amendment
Panama Canal - "An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean; completed 1914." http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/stearns_awl/medialib/glossary/gloss_P.html
Trustbusting - "Trust-busting refers to government activities designed to break up trusts or monopolies. Theodore Roosevelt is the U.S. president most associated with dissolving trusts, but his chosen successor, William Howard Taft, actually began the most anti-trust proceedings." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust-busting
Machine politics - "A political machine is an unofficial system of political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, and "behind-the-scenes" control within the structure of a representative democracy. Machine politics has existed in many United States cities, especially between about 1875 and 1920, but continuing in some cases down to the present day. It is also common (under the name clientelism or political clientelism) in Latin America, especially in rural areas." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_politics
Scientific method - "A scientific method or process is considered fundamental to the scientific investigation and acquisition of new knowledge based upon physical evidence. Scientists use observations, hypotheses and deductions to propose explanations for natural phenomena in the form of theories. Predictions from these theories are tested by experiment. If a prediction turns out to be correct, the theory survives. Any theory which is cogent enough to make predictions can then be tested reproducibly in this way." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method
Gentlemen?s Agreement - "in U.S. history, an agreement between the United States and Japan in 1907 that Japan should stop the emigration of its laborers to the United States and that the United States should stop discrimination against Japanese living in the United States. This agreement was ended in 1924 by the act of Congress excluding immigration from Japan, as immigration from China had been previously excluded." http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/g1/gentleme.asp
Missionary diplomacy - see ://www.google.com/search?q=woodrow+wilson+missionary+diplomacy&hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLD%2CGGLD%3A2003-47%2CGGLD%3Aen
Settlements -
see ://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLD%2CGGLD%3A2003-47%2CGGLD%3Aen&q=define%3A+settlements&btnG=Search
Boxer Rebellion - "The Boxer Rebellion () was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century. By August 1900 over 230 foreigners, thousands of Chinese Christians, an unknown numbers of rebels, their sympathisers, and other Chinese had been killed in the revolt and its suppression." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion
Dollar diplomacy - "Dollar Diplomacy is the term used to describe the efforts of the United States - particularly under President William Howard Taft - to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power. The term was originally coined by President Taft, who claimed that U.S. operations in Latin America went from 'warlike and political' to 'peaceful and economic." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Diplomacy
Social gospel - "The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant movement that was most prominent in the late 19th and early to mid-20th century. The movement attempts to apply Christian principles to social problems. Part of the Christian "modernism" trend with a strong emphasis on social justice, the movement is a rival to evangelical and fundamentalist Christianity. Members of the movement see it as a return to the beginning of Christianity, that is to the message of Jesus." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Gospel
Gilded Age - "The term Gilded Age refers to the political and economic nature situation of the United States from approximately 1876 to 1900. The expansion of commerce and heavy industry, mercantilist economic policies, and federal railway subsidies created a number of immensely successful businessmen as public figures; these were often referred to pejoratively as the robber barons. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age#The_Chinese_Exclusion
Spheres of influence - "A sphere of influence is a metaphorical region of political influences surrounding a country or a region of economic influence around an urban area. It is also known as a SOI." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheres_of_influence
Maine - "US ship which exploded in Havana in 1898 resulting in the death of 260 sailors. Although there was no real proof the United States blamed Spain and used the event as an excuse to start the Spanish-American War. " http://www.angelfire.com/tx/sandersonAP/Site_Glossary.html
General Weyler - see http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/weyler.html
Mugwumps - "Mugwumps were Republicans who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the 1884 United States presidential election. They made the party switch because they could not in good faith support the Republican candidate James Blaine of Maine. Many Republicans considered him to be untrustworthy and a fraudulent candidate. This was unusual, in the political stranglehold of Gilded Age politics." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugwumps
Recall - choose your definition - ://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+recall
Literacy tests - "A literacy test, in a strict sense, is a test designed to determine one's ability to read and write a given language. The term is often used, however, to refer to a test given to determine one's eligibility to vote." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_test
Ostend Manifesto - "The Ostend Manifesto was a secret document written in 1854 by U.S. diplomats at Ostend, Belgium, describing a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto
Teller Amendment - "The Teller Amendment, enacted on April 11, 1898, stated that when the United States defeated the Spanish Occupants, it would give the Cubans their freedom." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teller_Amendment
Kickback - "In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse of public office for private gain. All forms of government are susceptible in practice to political corruption. Degrees of corruption vary greatly, from minor uses of influence and patronage to do and return favours, to institutionalised bribery and beyond. The end-point of political corruption is kleptocracy, literally rule by thieves, where even the external pretence of honesty is abandoned." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickback
Pure Food and Drug Act - "The United States Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 provided for federal inspection of meat products, and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transport of adulterated food products or poisonous patent medicines." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act
Meat Inspection Act - "The United States Meat Inspection Act of 1906 authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any found unfit for human consumption. The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Inspection_Act
Great White Fleet - "The Great White Fleet sent around the world by President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt from December 16, 1907, to February 22, 1909, consisted of sixteen new battleships of the Atlantic Fleet. The battleships were painted white except for gilded scrollwork on their bows. The Atlantic Fleet battleships only later came to be known as the "Great White Fleet." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Fleet
New Freedom - "Wilson?s triumph in the Democratic convention of 1912 was not assured, but in the end owed much to former nominee William Jennings Bryan. The main challenge in the campaign came from Theodore Roosevelt, the Bull Moose candidate, who trumpeted his progressive message as the "New Nationalism." Wilson responded with a vigorous campaign of his own and dubbed his more restrained form of progressivism as the "New Freedom." http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1108.html
Roosevelt Corollary - "The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was an "amendment" to the Monroe Doctrine by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. In effect, the Monroe Doctrine was now used not only for its original purpose of keeping out European hegemony in Latin America but also as an agency for expanding U.S. commercial interests in the region." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary
Bull Moose Party - "Progressive Party: a former political party in the United States; founded by Theodore Roosevelt during the presidential campaign of 1912; its emblem was a picture of a bull moose." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=bull%20moose%20party
Conservation - choose your definition
://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+conservation
Anthracite coal strike - "The Coal Strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania that marked a change in the role of the United States government, which had historically sided with management, to functioning more as a neutral mediator." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite_Coal_Strike
Direct democracy - choose one
://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+Direct+democracy
Elkins Act - "The Elkins Act of 1903 strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by forbidding rebates to shippers. Railroads were not permitted to deviate from published rates. The law was sponsored by President Theodore Roosevelt." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkins_Act
Sierra Club - "The Sierra Club is an environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known conservationist John Muir, who became its first president. The Sierra Club has hundreds of thousands of members in chapters located throughout the United States, and is affiliated with Sierra Club of Canada. The Sierra Club is governed by a fifteen-member volunteer Board of Directors. ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Club
New Nationalism - "New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election. He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee social justice." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Nationalism
Pacifist - "Someone who believes that violence of any kind is unjustifiable and that one should not participate in war." ://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLD%2CGGLD%3A2003-47%2CGGLD%3Aen&q=define%3A+pacifist
Contraband - "goods whose importation or exportation or possession is prohibited by law bootleg: distributed or sold illicitly; "the black economy pays no taxes" http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=contraband "black slave who, during the Civil War, escaped to or was brought within the Union line" http://www.nps.gov/vick/eduguide/chp_7/cwterms.htm
Lusitania - "British passenger liner torpedoed by a German submarine in 1915. The death toll included 128 Americans, leading to a diplomatic crisis between America and Germany, but it did not force the United States to enter World War I." http://www.angelfire.com/tx/sandersonAP/Site_Glossary.html
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly "Brest-Litovsk", between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief contributor, although unintentionally, to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk
The New Freedom (1913) - "The New Freedom policy of President Woodrow Wilson promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Freedom
War Industries Board - "The War Industries Board (WIB) was an organization established by the United States on July 28, 1917 and reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch. It encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products. The WIB set production quotas and allocated raw materials. It also conducted psychological testing to help people find the right jobs." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Industries_Board
Fuel Administration - "The Federal Fuel Administration was created in 1917 with practically absolute powers over fuel supplies in the Nation, and Dr. Harry A. Garfield was selected by President Wilson as Federal Fuel Administrator. Dr. Garfield named a State Fuel Administrator for each state in the Union..." http://www.memoriallibrary.com/MI/Livingston/WWI/Home/Fuel/
War socialism -
Cost-plus - "determining payment based on the actual cost of production plus an agreed-upon fee or rate of profit; "a cost-plus government contract" http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=cost-plus
Committee on Public Information - "The Creel Commission, also known as the Committee on Public Information, was established under President Woodrow Wilson. Its purpose was to influence American public opinion toward supporting U.S. intervention in World War I. ..." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Information
100 Percent Americans -
Bolshevik Revolution - "The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. The October Revolution was led by Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin and marked the first officially communist revolution of the twentieth century, based upon the ideas of Karl Marx. ..." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution
Prohibition - "The process by which a government prohibits its citizens from buying or possessing alcoholic beverages. Specifically, the Prohibition refers to the period between the effective date of the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution(16 January 1920) and its repeal by the 21st Amendment. Repeal took effect on 5 December 1933, although it passed Congress in February and the sale of beer was permitted after 7 April 1933." http://www.vendomecopper.com/obgloss.htm
Food Administration - "The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the government agency responsible for regulating food (human and animal), dietary supplements, drugs (human and animal), cosmetics, medical devices (human and animal), biologics and blood products in the United States." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA
Espionage Act - "A law adopted by the Congress in 1917 that outlawed criticism of the US government and its participation in World War I in Europe." http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072492171/student_view0/glossary.html
Irreconcilables - "Irreconcilables are things or situations that cannot be solved to a point where all of the parties involved are satisfied with its final outcome," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreconcilables
Article X -
Sacco and Vanzetti - "Nicola Sacco (April 22, 1891 - August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11, 1888 - August 23, 1927) were two Italian anarchists, who were arrested, tried, and executed in Massachusetts in the 1920s on charges of murder of a shoe factory paymaster named Frederick Parmenter and a security guard named Alesandro Berardelli and of robbery of $15,766.51 from the factory's payroll, although there was much doubt regarding their guilt at the time of their trial." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti
Boston Police Strike - "In 1919, the Boston Police went on strike, signaling a dramatic shift in traditional labor relations and views on the part of the police, who were unhappy with stagnant wages and poor working conditions. When Police Commissioner Edwin Curtis refused to allow the creation of a police union, 1,117 BPD officers went on strike. The city soon fell into riots and public chaos as over three-fourths of the department was no longer enforcing public peace. Governor Calvin Coolidge intervened to quash further chaos, and brought in the state national guard to restore order to Boston. The strike was broken, permanently, when Coolidge hired entirely-new replacement police officers -- many of whom were returning servicemen from World War I -- and the former officers were refused re-entry into the department." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Police_Strike
Nativist - "The term Nativism is used in both politics and psychology in two fundamentally different ways. In politics "nativist" refers to the socio-political positions taken up by those who identify themselves as "native-born". In psychology, "nativist" is comparable to "innate", the "hard-wired" components of human psychology." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativist
Hyphenates -
19th Amendment - "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." http://www.nps.gov/malu/documents/amend19.htm
Trench warfare - "Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of fortifications dug into the ground, facing each other. Trench warfare arose when there was a revolution in firepower without similar advances in mobility and communications. Periods of trench warfare occurred during the American Civil War (1860s) and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904?1905, and reached peak brutality and bloodshed on the Western Front in the First World War." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench_warfare
U-boat - "Short for Unterseeboot, a German submarine."
http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/glossary_e.html
Kaiser - "is German for King or emperor. It is derived from the Latin word, Caesar." http://www.curriculumsupport.nsw.edu.au/hsie/speak/pages/printpages/pglossary.htm
League of Nations - "The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the First World War at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The League's goals included disarmament; preventing war through collective security; settling disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy; and improving global welfare." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations
Strong reservationists - "
Red Scare - "The term "Red Scare" has been applied to two distinct periods of intense anti-Communism in United States history: first from 1917 to 1920, and second from the late 1940s through the mid-1950s. Both periods were characterized by widespread fears of Communist influence on U.S. society and Communist infiltration of the U.S. government." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Scare
War Labor Board - "Capitalizing on labor shortages during America's entrance into World War I, unions led by Samuel Gompers under the American Federation of Labor organized mass strikes for tangible gain. In 1918 President Woodrow Wilson established the National War Labor Board (WLB) as a kind of supreme court for labor controversies. In response the AFL issued a 'no strike' pledge. Wilson then instructed the WLB to uphold the right of labor to organize and bargain collectively." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Labor_Board
Dollar-a-year man
Deficit spending - "spending money raised by borrowing; used by governments to stimulate their economy." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=deficit%20spending
Industrial Workers of the World - "The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It contends that all workers should be united within a single union as a class and the profit system abolished. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World
American Socialist Party - "The Socialist Party of America is a socialist political party in the United States. It was formed in 1901 by a merger between the Social Democratic Party of Eugene V. Debs, formed three years earlier by veterans of the Pullman Strike of the American Railway Union, and a wing of the older Socialist Labor Party." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America
Seattle General Strike - "The Seattle General Strike of February 6 to February 11, 1919, was a general work stoppage by over 65,000 individuals in the city of Seattle. Dissatisfied workers in several unions began the strike to gain higher wages after two years of wage controls due to World War I. Most other local unions, including members of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), joined the walkout." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_general_strike_of_1919
Open shops - "an open shop is a place of employment at which one cannot be required to join a labor union as a condition of hiring or continued employment. Open shops are required by law in right-to-work jurisdictions and employers such as the U.S. federal government." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_shop
Xenophobic - "Xenophobia denotes a phobic attitude towards strangers or of the unknown and comes from the Greek words ????? (xenos), meaning "foreigner", "stranger", and f?ß?? (phobos), meaning "fear".The term is typically used to describe fear or dislike of foreigners, but racism in general is sometimes described as a form of xenophobia. In science fiction, it has come to mean 'fear of extraterrestrial things." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobic
Boston Brahmins - "Boston Brahmins, or simply "Brahmins" - sometimes also called the First Families of Boston - are a blue-blooded class of New Englanders who claim hereditary or cultural descent from the Anglo-Saxon Protestants who founded the city of Boston, Massachusetts and originally settled New England. They are part of the historic core of the East Coast Establishment, along with wealthy families of New York and Philadelphia." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmins
18th Amendment - "Amendment XVIII (the Eighteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act (which defined "intoxicating liquors"), established Prohibition in the United States." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Federal Air to Roads Act - "
Tin Lizzie - "The Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1928. The first production Model T was built on September 27, 1908 at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. Cars built before 1919 are classed as veteran cars and later models vintage cars." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Lizzie
Consumer durables - "A durable good, or a hard good is an economics term for a good which does not quickly wear out, or more specifically; it yields services or utility over time rather than being completely used up when used once. Most goods are therefore durable goods to a certain degree. Perfectly durable goods never wear out." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_durables
Sears catalogue
Motor city - "Detroit: the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port; center of the United States automobile industry; located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit river across from Windsor." http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=motor%20city
Electric-oil-auto complex
Elk Hills - "Occidental?s $3.5 billion acquisition in 1998 of the U.S. government?s 78-percent interest in the Elk Hills oil and gas field has been an excellent investment. This former Naval Petroleum Reserve, set aside in 1911 to ensure fuel supplies for the U.S. Navy, is the seventh largest oil field in the continental United States, with cumulative production exceeding 1 billion barrels of oil and 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas." http://www.oxy.com/OIL_GAS/world_ops/usa/elkhills.htm
Al Smith Revolution - see http://www.nps.gov/elro/glossary/smith-al.htm
Booboisie - "class consisting of all those who are considered boobs."
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=booboisie
Accommodationist - "One that compromises with or adapts to the viewpoint of the opposition: a factional split between the hard-liners and the accomodationists." http://www.thefreedictionary.com/accommodationist
Color tax -
Back to Africa
Quota Acts - "1921 Quota Act limits annual European immigration to 3 percent of the number of a nationality group in the United States in 1910." http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/immigration_chron.cfm
Comstock Law - "The Comstock Law was a 19th century United States law that made it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail. It was passed on March 3, 1873 and is a clear example of censorship. It was named after its chief proponent, the anti-obscenity crusader Anthony Comstock. The enthusiastic enforcement of the Act, often by Comstock himself, made American censorship notorious in Europe." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comstock_Law
National Woman Suffrage - "Based in New York City, the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) was created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton when the women's rights movement split into two groups over the issue of suffrage for African-American men." http://search.eb.com/women/articles/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association.html
Anthony amendment - "It wasn't until 1919 that Congress voted to direct the states to consider ratifying a constitutional amendment to allow women to vote. Nicknamed the "Anthony Amendment" in honor of the leader who had died in 1906, the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 26, 1920." http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gilded/susanb_3
Assembly line system
Amalgam - choose your definition:
://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+Amalgam
McNary-Haugen Bill - "In early 1924, this concept was introduced in Congress by Senator Charles L. McNary of Oregon and Representative Gilbert N. Haugen of Iowa. Their bill, which was repeatedly introduced over the next four years, called for the following: A federal farm board was to be created to purchase surplus farm production at pre-World War I prices; the surpluses were to be stored until domestic conditions improved or until a decision was made to offer them on world markets. If the farm board incurred a loss in marketing the surpluses, then equalization fees were to be charged back to the farmers... The McNary-Haugen bill was re-crafted in early 1927, this time extending assistance to cotton and tobacco farmers....The election year of 1928 saw yet another effort on behalf of the farm plan. McNary-Haugen passed in the House and Senate be wider margins than previously, but still lacked the numbers to override the predictable veto by the president." http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1439.html
Urban - "relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area; "urban sociology"; "urban development" located in or characteristic of a city or city life; "urban property owners"; "urban affairs"; "urban manners" http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=urban
Hollywood - do you mean the physical location?
Teapot Dome - is the commonly used name applied to the scandal that rocked the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding ://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2003-47,GGLD:en&q=define%3A+teapot+dome
White Supremacy - "White supremacy is the variety of white nationalism that believes the white race should rule over other races. It can be distinguished from white separatism, which calls for the creation of culturally and geographically separate areas for different races. For example, the political system of the antebellum U.S. South was a white supremacist society." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy
George F. Babbit - are you talking about the book character???
"Sinclair Lewis wrote a series of satires that exposed the hypocrisy of early 20th century America. "Babbitt" is a snapshot of the life of George F. Babbitt, a somewhat prosperous middle class businessman who lives in Zenith, Ohio. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0553214861/102-2749646-6245749?v=glance&n=283155&v=glance
Atlanta Compromise - see http://www.britannica.com/Blackhistory/article.do?nKeyValue=10095
Great Migration - "The Great Migration is a term used to describe the mass migration of African American
There are several hundred terms you have listed here.
With all due respect, I don't think many researchers would be willing to define them for you at pennies per term.
You may need to scale back your request considerably if you are hoping for a prompt answer to this question.
Just a suggestion...
pafalafa-ga
To be clear, only small descriptions are required, and terms which cannot be defined easily may be skipped.
An example of a sufficient description is as follows:
Freedmen's Bureau - an agency set up by the US government at the close of the Civil War to help the freed slaves. (I copy + pasted that from ://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=define%3Afreedmen%27s+bureau&btnG=Google+Search)
That definition took me less than 20 seconds to acquire. At this pace, it would take less than 2 hours to complete the whole list.
Proof:
(345*.95)=328 required definitions
328*20=6560 seconds
6560/60=109 minutes (or 11 minutes shy of two hours)
Before I posted, I viewed this page: http://answers.google.com/answers/pricing.html
This page says a researcher will typically spend 2-4 hours for a $100 price.
I feel and hope I have priced this query reasonably.
Can we just put the link of the definition for each of the entries here?
Thanks.
#If you have any other info about this subject , Please add it free.# |